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Abstract
India has the world's second largest population and one of the fastest growing economies in the world. India has a promising future, given the unprecedented growth in cheaper and its clout in the global issues. India is now riding on the wave of a gigantic boom in computer driven new economy. Many industrialized countries of the world are seeking the huge pool of English speaking talented software professionals in India. As the world is transforming towards knowledge society, India too is interesting proportionately competitive with the world. With the growth of Internet users and the advancement of facts and transportation technology in India had boasted the development towards e-commerce in global economic society. In It sector India is booming as a super power. In the last few years India has made rapid strides in the It sector especially in the software services and It enabled services. In this paper we analyses the picture of It industry in a very near future in India & gift of India in world's facts Technology Sector.
Introduction
From the 1950s, Ibm had a virtual monopoly of computers in India. The 360 series issue in 1960s was the major workhouse of the large organizations. They even maintained a chain of programmers who could write down software's for their machines. Any way in 1978, when George Fernandes, ministry of industries at that time, commanded Ibm to take local shareholders into its subsidiary, the business refused strictly and went back after winding up its all operations in India. Its ex-employees then set up Computer Maintenance Corporation, with the primary object of maintaining Ibm computers.
During the duration of 1995-2000, the Indian It industry has recorded a C.A.G.R. (Compounded every year growth Rate) of more than 42.4 percent, which is practically double the growth rate of It industries in many of the industrialized countries. For Details sense Amcham National Secretariat, New Delhi Foreign clubs particularly American clubs have played a vital role in making India an emerging It super power in the world. These Mncs catalogue for nearly 22 per cent of Indian software exports. According to the latest Nasscom estimates, in 2001-02, multinational infotech clubs exported software worth Rs. 6500 crore from India. Country's total software export was pegged at Rs. 29400 crore. In terms of venture and growth, U.S. clubs like Cognizant Technologies (largest export wage earning Mnc) Ibm, Oracle, Ge, Cisco, Compaq, Intel amongst others lead the Mncs in the facts Technology sector. Nine out of top 20 Indian It firms are from United States. These catalogue for over 37% of the turnover of the top 20 firms operating in India. Despite their indispensable gift to the It sector, these clubs have to face a number of procedural and operational problems in India.
However, the volume of e-commerce, in India, is far below the levels achieved in Usa, which was about 1 percent of the total Gdp in 1999. Further, the predicted volume of e-commerce in India in 2001 (Us$ 255.3 million) is also below the levels predicted to be achieved, which in comparison to Australia (Us$ 3 billion), China (Us$ 586 million), South Korea (Us$ 876 million) and Hong Kong (Us5 million) is quite less.
Time has changed the way businesses are carried out. What was supposed to be known to few and miniature to the home towns, appears to be an aged methodology of carrying out the work. The gift day brands work on world wide scale, that is they are prosperous in not just one singular region but have deepened their roots to all the corners in the globe that you can think of.
Information Technology is what constitutes the most important sector in the gift day trend of carrying out business. It is because you can not be gift in any place to monitor the work, but with networking and communications, you can all the time stay in sense with the other business sites of yours.
Ict Approaches of India
A spate of reforms-post-1991 economic crisis-have given impetus to the Indian economy, particularly to the Ict sector. As part of the reform agenda, the Indian Government has taken major steps to promote Ict along with the creation in 1988 of a World store Policy, with a focus on software development for export; telecommunications policy reform; privatization of the national long-distance and movable phone markets; and development of a more thorough arrival to Ict. Although India's success is commanding expanding concentration and investment, it has yet to consequent in the distribution of collective and economic benefits over a broader base of the population. Challenges-including the perception of an unfavorable regulatory climate, an overloaded judicial system, poor infrastructure and costly access, and miniature use of Ict-remain. The emerging shift in government strategy, toward knowledge-intensive services, has created a atmosphere more conducive to addressing enterprise, domestic infrastructure, education and the use of Ict to meet development needs.
Policy: India's focus on self-reliant industrialization in the 1970s and 1980s has been replaced with reforms aimed at positioning India in the world economy: the foreign direct venture process has been streamlined, new sectors have been opened up to foreign direct venture and ownership, and the government has exempted the Ict industry from corporate wage tax for five years. These reforms have helped India to become increasingly integrated into the global cheaper through growth in the export of software and skill-intensive software services, such as call-centers.
In 1986, the Indian government announced a new software policy designed to serve as a catalyst for the software industry. This was followed in 1988 with the World store policy and the establishment of the Software Technology Parks of India (Stp) scheme. As a result, the Indian software industry grew from a mere Us0 million in 1991-1992 to a predicted Us.7 billion (including over Us billion worth of software exports) in 1999-2000-representing an every year growth rate of over 50 percent.
The establishment of the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of India (Trai) was a key step towards sufficient implementation of telecommunications reforms. In 1992, the movable phone store was opened up to underground operators, in 1994 the fixed services store followed, and ultimately in 1999, national long distance operations were opened to underground competition. Prior to these reforms, the division of Telecommunications had been the sole supplier of telecommunications services.
In addition, to attract foreign direct investment, the government permitted foreign equity of up to 100 percent and duty free import on all inputs. Government-created technology parks also offered professional labor services to clients, a cost-effective agenda for India since Ict labour is so inexpensive by global standards.
Infrastructure: Teledensity in India has reached 3.5 percent of the population. practically 1 percent of households have fixed line connections, compared to 10 percent in China. The movable sector has practically 3 million users, growing at 100 percent per annum, and is predicted to outstrip the fixed line store in the near future. The number of Internet accounts is colse to 1.5 million, growing at 50 percent per annum. India also has very high penetration rates of terrestrial Tv, cable and radio. Voice and data wireless solutions, for both domestic and export markets, are increasingly produced and used locally.
Access to telephones in Indian villages has improved in the last five to six years through the introduction of the collective Call Office (Pco) run by local shopkeepers. More than 60 percent of the villages in India have at least one phone. This also includes over 800,000 community collective Telephones (Vpts). Worldtel is undertaking a pilot in four states to obtain financing to upgrade the community collective Telephones so they will soon be Internet-accessible.
In some urban locations, India's Software Technology Parks (Stps) supply infrastructure, buildings, electricity, telecommunications facilities and high-speed satellite links to facilitate export processing of software.
India also has a number of progressive computerized networks in place, along with a stock exchange, the Indian Railways Passenger Reservation System, and the National Informatics Centre Network (Nicnet), which connects government agencies at the central, state and district levels.
Enterprise: India's well-established framework for protecting intellectual asset proprietary has been an important inducement to business investment: customary international trademarks have been protected by Indian laws, even when they were not registered in India. In 1999, major legislation was passed to safe intellectual asset proprietary in harmony with international practices and in compliancy with India's obligations under Trips.
Much of the introductory domestic quiz, stimulus for Ict and Ict services industries in India has come from government: 28 percent of total It spending to date can be attributed to government and collective sector expenditure. Major areas of government expenditure include: financial services, taxation, customs, telecommunications, education, defense and collective infrastructure. As a consequent of the growth in Ict use in India, the Ict industry itself has also increased its domestic economic activity, for example, a number of Ict clubs have industrialized accounting and word processing packages in Indian languages. The potential impact of this growth on the domestic cheaper is much broader than developing software for export only.
Human Capacity: In spite of relatively low literacy rates among the general population, India has some key advantages in human capital: a large English-speaking population and world-class education, study and administration institutions-a direct consequent of venture in self-reliance in science and technology. In expanding to establishing Indian Institutes of Technology in discrete cities colse to India to create a large pool of technical skills, the government has a computer policy to encourage R&D in personal computers. The It training sector continues to grow at a rapid rate: total training revenues in 1998 were estimated at Us5 million, 30 percent up on the former year. However, one of the biggest challenges to the Indian software industry remains the difficulty in attracting and retaining talented professionals.
Content and Applications: India has a large population with great linguistic diversity. Creating and maintaining locally relevant content for a country with 418 languages is a challenge. Nevertheless, local language content is gradually making Ict more relevant and accessible to a broader cross-section of the population. For example, India's town for development of industrialized Computing has recently launched a task called iLeap-Isp to create a free multilingual word processor to be made ready to all Internet subscribers. On other fronts, some states such as Tamil Nadu have launched their own initiatives to withhold the standardization of local language software through interface programs that can be adapted to word processors, dictionaries, and industrial keyboards for use in schools, colleges, government offices and homes.
An emphasis has also been settled on the development of relevant e-government applications in India. Some states such as Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh have started to introduce applications which allow citizens to have faster and more transparent passage to government services-for example, the provision of facts on laws and regulations, and the procuring of licenses and legal documents online.
Strategic Compact: Public-private partnerships, catalyzed by the It Ministry, have played a key role in India's Ict-related development. One of the certain results of this attempt has been the It Act of 2000, which was based on the recommendation of the National It Task Force, and aims to set the thorough strategy for the It sector. In addition, the government and the underground sector are starting to come together to bring up Ict development. For example, a joint attempt by the Computer Science Automation division at the Indian establish of Science and a Bangalore-based underground business have industrialized Simputer-a cheap micro-computer that enables illiterate users to browse the Internet.
India's development and gift in world's facts technology sector is of highest reputation. Cities like Bangalore have become the favorite(most preferred) destinations of all the big banners like Hsbc, Dell, Microsoft, Ge, Hewlett Packard, and some Indian multi national firms like Infosys Technologies, Wipro, and Microland who have set up their offices in the city. It is because the city offers good infrastructure, with large floor space and great telecom facilities. This can be judged on the basis of the high growth statistics of India and the changing outlook of the clubs towards India .
It is because of this growth many favorite brands that have not yet build up there rigid offices in the country are making it fast to have a destination in India too. For example, Sun Microsystems, a global It major, announced in Bangalore to double the gift workforce of the company's Sun India Engineering town (Iec) from the gift 1000 to 2000 in the next two years time. Iec, which is the largest R&D town for Sun covering the Us , would also focus on developing products in India to suit the needs of the Indian market, which would be benchmarked globally.
This rapid growth of It Sector is certainly due to the efforts of Indian government and the other developments that took in the other parts of the globe.
The country has seen an era when after the Ibm shutted its shop in India in 1950, the mainframes that were imported into the country were all from Russia . Western computer could not be imported because of an American embargo on export of high-technology tool to India , which was carefully an ally of the Soviet Union .
Slowly, with the time the country could establish its first great parallel computer in 1991 known as Cdac, by connecting together a string of less great computers.
With time and the continuous growth over the world, the country continued struggling and came up as the world leader in facts Technology Sector.
The industry has grown up to Us $ 5.7 billion (including over billion worth of software exports) in 1999-2000, with the every year growth rate not sliding below 50 percent since 1991.
It exports software and services to nearly 95 countries colse to the world. The share of North America ( U.S. & Canada ) in India 's software exports is about 61 per cent.
The Indian labor is not only cheap but is technically skilled too to the world class level. It is due to the Indian education principles that includes in its policy curriculum the practical knowledge of the latest technology that is industrialized in world along with the fluency in English Language that imparts compatibility in an Indian technician to retell and work through out the world.
Further the geographical location of India serves it the benefit of being exactly halfway round the world from the Us west coast, which is an additional one calculate why India is adored destination of many big brands.
Also, The presence of a large number of Indians, especially engineers, in the Us gave India an easy entry into the Us software market.
What adds more to the dominance of India in facts Technology Sector is the government policies like the enactment of cyber laws to safe and safeguard the interest of software clubs in India .
Setting up of the Software Technology Parks of India (Stpi), by the Ministry of facts Technology, Government of India and the International Technology Park in a joint task by the State Government, the Tata Group and the Singapore Consortium to promote and facilitate the software exports is an additional one major step towards the growth of Indian facts Technology Sector.
Similarly an industrial park, known as Electronic City , was set up in 1991 takes more than a hundred electronic industries along with Motorola, Infosys, Siemens, Iti, and Wipro, in an area of colse to 330 acres.
The Export Promotion industrial Park , built near International Technology Park , gives an exclusive 288 acres of area for export oriented business. Ge has its India Technology town settled at this park and employs hundreds of multi disciplinary technology development activities.
The other promotional activities that brought up India to this position comprise the It Corridor project. Conceptualized by Singapore 's Jurong Town Corporation underground Ltd, the It corridor task was initiated by the division of It and the Bangalore development Authority in order to establish state of the art facilities for the development of knowledge based industries.
Thought's of some World's It leaders about India
"Economic growth will force great governance, and great governance will feed more economic growth"
Sv, Nyc, Usa
The population and communities at large feel that they don't have the potential to make a difference
Juzar Singh Sangha, Bedford
India has to take more care of the community population who are still struggling to live properly
John Karondukadavil, India, Living in Poland, Jaslo
India can become a superpower if she concentrates on the technology store niche
Devyani Prabhat, Jersey City, Usa
India must counter its skills and wage crisis
Pallavi, Sydney, Australia
Hopefully India will lead the world towards a more humane and tolerant future
Nilesh, Antwerp, Belgium
India needs to take strong and clear cut decisions to emerge as a global player
Nivedita Nadkarni, Madison, Usa
India is a country gaining economic ground in the world
Justin, Bristol, Uk
Indians now have to establish a sense of national pride
Leila, Usa
India will never be a superpower, much less a global power
Jonathan, Boston, Usa
India has had a sharp growth in the estimated number of Hiv infections
Sezai, Eskisehir, Turkey
India's economic success is built on the sacrifices of former generations
Shekhar Scindia, Edison, Nj, Usa
While India's economic growth is encouraging, its sustainability is doubtful
Sigismond Wilson, Sierra Leonean in Michigan, Usa
Conclusion
India is a perfect clarification for all those companies, which seek for cheap, yet technically skilled labor who have innovative minds and state of art to work over a project. The ample of facilities supply in a perfect working conditions. For rest, cyber laws are there to monitor and safeguard everyone's interest linked to It sector.
All these reasons lead for India to be as the most adored destination to many companies. . So we can conclude:
•India poised for an explosive growth in Ict
•India emerging as a global R&D Hub
•From brain drain to brain gain
•Millions of jobs will be created in Ict & other emerging technology areas
•Quality issues will have to be addressed
•Private Sector world class institutions will emerge with global collaborations
•India will reclaim its aged inheritance of the world's most industrialized knowledge-based civilization called "Bharat".
India will become storehouse of It in the world
.
References
1. Goodman, Seymour E.; Burkhart, Grey E.; Foster, William A.; Mittal, Arun; Press, Laurence I.; and Tan, Zixiang (Alex), The Global Diffusion of the Internet Project, Asian Giants On-Line, episode 3 (India) and episode 4 (China), The Global facts Technology estimation Group, Fairfax, Va, November 1998.
2. Press, L., Developing Networks in Less industrialized Nations, Ieee Computer, vol. 28, no. 6, June 1995, Pp 66-71.
3. [http://www.stpn.soft.net]
4. An Indian Perspective on It & Engineering Programs ,Vijay Bhatkar, International establish of facts Technology, Pune, India
5. Nasscom
6. Anuranjan Misra " Software outsourcing from India" National seminar on Strategies in business Process Outsourcing", Iims, Bareilly, India, Dec. 08-09 2004.
7. Anuranjan Misra" India - An Emerging It Super Power" International seminar on India 25 Years and Hence, Iims, Bareilly, India, Fev. 08,2006.
Low Cost Flat Panel Tvs Saving Swimwear Bikini Stihl Ms 170 Chain Saw Guide
What is a Receiver?
A receiver is that big, heavy thing that you plug your speakers and other components into (like a DVD player, TV, CD player, Xbox, PlayStation, iPod, and etc.). Its the "brain" of the show, really. The idea of connecting all your components to a receiver is the concept of audio/video switching, allowing you to switch to different video sources (like TV, DVD, camcorder) on your TV
and thus changing the audio source accordingly - all without touching anything but the receiver.
Of course, the main purpose behind audio/video switching with a receiver is to drive audio to external speakers, like surround sound or stereo speakers.
Most receivers have a plethora of inputs; up to 8 speakers and a subwoofer (more commonly, 5.1, or five speakers and a subwoofer), several video inputs, and even HDMI inputs. You could plug your Xbox, Plasma, and DVD player into the receiver and use one remote to switch between all the different video sources (games, TV, DVD video) and have your speakers pump out surround-sound. Let's start with inputs and outputs. If you don't understand something, read through the entire How-To as most of it will be explained in detail.
Keep in mind that a receiver is the hub of your entire home theatre, so this How-To will actually guide you through the basics of connecting your complete home theater.
So what the heck is all this 'stuff' on the back of your receiver?
I'm going to go over just about anything that you would find on the back of your receiver. The one I'm basing this guide off of is a Harman Kardon AVR-247 I'm going to start from the top left of the unit and work my way to the right, then I'll start at the left of the next row and so on.
The first three inputs are for antennas. An FM antenna cable would slide on to the first jack while two speaker wires would plug into the remaining slots for AM. Of course, you don't have to plug your antennas in, but if you'd like AM/FM reception through your speakers, you'll want to go ahead and do that. These are standard connections, so if you lose one of your antennas, just go buy another for a few bucks.
You've probably heard of composite video. Its a very basic video connection used by most any component (TV, DVD, VCR especially). Its common and its cheap. As such, its very low quality.
Composite uses an RCA cable for video (yellow) and two more RCA cables for audio (red and white, stereo). The problem is that a composite video cable combines luminance and chrominance in the same cable, reducing the quality of the picture. You lose a lot of sharpness, and the color begins to degrade from the original source. Its useful when you need the extra input or the device you're connecting only has composite video. Otherwise, use something else, like component video. Sounds similar; very different.
S-Video is next in line after composite. It uses a different type of connector (five pins in a circle) and gives you marginally better video quality. It is also a video-only cable, so you'll need to plug in audio separately. In this case, you'll probably use a pair of red and white RCA cables for your audio inputs.
Next up: a ton of composite audio inputs. These inputs use left channel and right channel RCA cables, typically red and white. They look just like the yellow composite video cable, and you could even use them for video and the yellow for audio, but let's keep the color scheme how it is ;) Composite audio is the bottom-of-the-barrel in audio. Its perfectly fine for most use, but if you're looking for high quality surround sound, you don't want composite. Game systems, like the Wii or Xbox, and very basic DVD players are a perfect match for composite audio.
The same goes to VCRs, CD players, and anything that only has a composite audio output. Plus, if you don't have surround sound, or your receiver is only two channels (2.1, stereo sound), you won't be able to use anything but composite audio. Note that there is a composite audio input under each composite video input so that it is easy to match them up. Plug them in the wrong inputs and you won't get sound when you're on that particular video input.
Here we have one of the least-used features of a modern receiver: 6 (or 8) channel direct input. This is only used for two purposes: SACD or DVD Audio. SACD is an acronym for Super Audio CD. It is a proprietary audio format developed by Sony for special CDs that are recorded in 5.1 surround sound. That means you need a CD or DVD/CD player that supports SACDs, a receiver with SACD support (as in the picture), and of course Super Audio CD's. DVD Audio is the same idea, different brand, different media (its a DVD, not a CD!).
DVD Audio discs are special DVDs that are recorded in 5.1 surround sound and can only be played by devices with support for them. These CDs go all the way up to 7.1 surround sound, meaning you would need to have two front, two rear, two side speakers and a subwoofer to enjoy full 7.1 surround sound. Most receivers support up to 7.1 now but you won't find DVDs with that kind of capability for movies. 5.1 surround is still the defacto standard, so don't run out and buy more speakers any time soon.
You could skip this next little item because it is unique to this brand of receiver (Harman Kardon). The Bridge" is a proprietary connection they developed for you to connect
an iPod. You need to buy a separate component that includes a docking station and special cables to connect the iPod. It fully integrates with the receiver, displaying
menus and songs on the front LCD screen of the receiver. This allows you to easily pump your tunes through your speakers, whether it be stereo sound or full surround sound.
Of course, the music on your iPod is stereo sound, so the best you can get is simulated surround sound or stereo surround; the same music playing in the front two channels
is put through the rear and center channels. Some receivers do this more intelligently than others, but more on that later.
Here we have our high-end sound inputs/outputs. Basically the same performance wise, you have fiber optic connections (with the square shape) and digital coaxial (just like an RCA cable).
Both of these are 100% digital, whereas composite is analog. The only way you can get true surround sound from any source is by using one of these connections (or the SACD/DVD Audio option)
Almost all DVD players these days have either optical or digital coaxial outputs (sometimes, both). Many high definition cable and satellite boxes also come with these
connections so you can enjoy 5.1 surround sound on high definition channels. Choosing between the two, there's really no different in audio quality, so feel free to use
what you'd like (or what you're forced to).
I don't think I need an image for the next plug. Its a pair of power inputs. One is for powering the receiver, the other for whatever you'd like. This way, when you turn
on the receiver, you give power to the other device (be it a DVD player, CD player, cable box, whatever). I don't necessarily recommend this unless it specifically suits
your needs. It is useful if you're running low on outlets, of course.
Something else you'll never use: D-bus RC-5 input/output. This is used for infrared remote controls to take over your home theater system. Honestly, its not something any of us will ever use. Some of the real high-end junkies might be using something for it, but I've never even come across a device that uses this technology. Stick to the remote that came with your unit, or buy a quality universal remote control. There's no need for this option. An alternate use for this may be a bit more common: if your receiver's front panel is blocked (like inside a cabinet), you could get an infrared transmitter to latch on to the front of it. This transmitter would hook up to another device somewhere in your room that will accept signals from your remote control. The receiving device then transmits the remote's commands to your receiver (via the transmitter you've attached to the front over the regular infrared transmitter).
Pre-outs , located right under the Remote in/out. Pre-outs are used when you'd like to add an amplifier to your system to boost the power (and hence volume/audio quality). Average
users will not use this for anything but the subwoofer preout. You'll want to run a subwoofer cable from your subwoofer to the subwoofer pre-out to provide it with
the right frequencies. This is the proper way to connect your subwoofer to your surround sound system. The other inputs won't be used unless you plan on adding
an amplifier. This is highly unnecessary for home use. You might add an amp if you're trying to fill a room the size of a small house with enough sound, but you're not, right?
Here we finally get to the meat of the system: the speaker inputs! Harman Kardon receivers use bind posts for connecting speakers, as seen in the picture. They
work by being loosened up as your turn them counter-clockwise, then you sneak the speaker wire in underneath the caps and tighten them back up by turning clockwise. This'll
give your speaker wire a nice tug fit that probably won't loosen up on itself over time. Other brands may use other types of connectors, but bind posts are very common.
You might have been able to tell this is a 7.1 channel receiver because of the speaker inputs.
You've got room for 2 front left and right speakers, 2 rear left and right speakers,
a center channel, and two left and right "surround" channels which are placed somewhere in between your front and rear speakers ("side surround", or 7.1). If you have enough
speakers, you can go ahead and plug in those extra 2 side ones, but they won't play any sound at all on a 5.1 DVD. You would need a DVD that supports 7.1
surround sound, and at this time, there just isn't a market for it. CDs will gladly blast stereo surround through all 7 speakers, though, so for some larger rooms, that's an
advantage.
Our final set of connectors for this receiver: component video . The best video you can get next to composite or s-video. You'll notice its a set of three cables (all for video),
usually Red, Green and Blue. Don't think that's what the cable does, though - it separates the video signal by luminance and two separate color channels. In the past, component
did it in fact represent R, G, B (splitting the primary colors in transmit and recombining them at the destination device), but that is not used in current component video
connections. Component video can carry high definition signals, all the way up to 1080p, so it is the most cost effective and readily available high definition input.
Not seen on this receiver are DVI and HDMI, the two all-digital video connections.
HDMI is the newest, fastest, sharpest video and audio connection available today. Its the only cable that can carry audio and video in one - not to mention, in high definition.
HDMI must be supported by the source and the display you're connecting it to to use all of its features. Not all DVD players, cable boxes, or receivers support both
audio and video in HDMI. Its becoming more and more of a standard now to support both. The advantage is clear: less cable clutter, higher quality audio and video. You can get up
to 1080p high definition video and 7.1 surround sound through an HDMI cable. Newer cable and satellite boxes, DVD players, high definition DVD players, and more expensive receivers
support the full capability of HDMI. Its the best you can get as all-digital goes.
The last connection for this article is DVI. DVI is also all digital like HDMI, but it cannot process audio signals. HDMI may provide a technically superior image,
but I don't think anyone could tell the difference. DVI supports high definition video all the way up to 1080p, just like HDMI. Its being used less frequently now,
but if you've bought a new computer or video card for your PC recently, it probably has a DVI (or two) port on it. Most computer monitors use DVI now and video cards
have followed suit. HDMI is edging its way into the PC market, but its dominance is seen in the home theater arena.
Now that you've familiarized yourself with common connections, let's plug it all together.
This part of the receiver How-To is going to guide you through hooking a 5.1 surround sound system(5 speakers and a subwoofer) with a high-definition TV, a high-definition cable or satellite box, a DVD player, and a 5.1 receiver.
Your TV & Components
Where you put your TV is dependent on how large it is, how large your room is, and where you will be sitting. If its 50 inches, don't sit more than 10-15 feet away; but no less, either.
A 60" set is perfect for 12-20 feet. If you have a 32 inch set, try to sit no farther than 8-12 feet away. Your receiver, DVD player, cable box, and other components should obviously be close together, but don't place them physically on top of each other. They all get hot, especially your receiver. If you have no other choice, slide a thin piece of plywood between the components to help dispense the heat.
Lay Out of Speakers
The first step is to lay out your setup. Different rooms call for different locations for your speakers and subwoofer. If your room is a typical rectangle, go ahead and place your two front left and right speakers somewhere flush with the television on that side of the room. Your left speaker goes toward the left corner, right speaker toward the right corner. Don't bother with speaker wire yet (unless your speakers come with speaker wire attached already; in that case, just let them dangle for now). Note that which speaker is left or right is solely dependent on how you connect them to your receiver. Your speakers aren't actually designated "left" or "right".
Depending on how you acquired your speakers, your front speakers could be larger than your rear speakers. That's how you know they're for the front. Otherwise, all your speakers are the same shape and size, and you can use each for any purpose.
One exception: the center channel. Usually, a center channel is much shorter and wider than your other speakers. It should only be used for the center channel. Sometimes, all 5 of your speakers could be the same, usually on a very inexpensive setup. You can use any of these speakers for any purpose.
Your center channel should always go either directly on top or under your television set. However you have to do this, get it done! It's not called the center channel for nothing, you know. Any movie will pump out almost 90% of the voices you hear and a majority of the rest of the sounds through the center channel. It is a vitally important component to your surround sound setup.
Your subwoofer should always be on the floor. If it is impossible to place it on the floor, get it as close to the floor as possible. Placing it behind objections or in closets will diminish its effects. In a perfect setup, the subwoofer would be on the floor close to the TV (perhaps off to the left or right) in your line of sight. Nothing should block the side of the subwoofer that air will come out of (usually covered by a grill protecting the subwoofer speaker itself).
When it comes to finding a good spot for your speakers, you might want to mount them. You can usually buy compatible speaker mounts online or in stores. You can also
use existing shelving, buy some shelving, or place them on tables or other objects. No matter how you do it, try to keep the speakers as close to ear level as possible. A speaker mounted at the ceiling of your room isn't going to give you the optimal aural experience.
The last thing to keep in mind about layout is speaker wire. You'll probably need at least 100ft of speaker wire, but you'll often find yourself using much more if you
try running wire through your ceiling, under carpeting, up through the basement, or around objects to conceal it. Take measurements and buy at least 10% more wire than
you think you need. You'll probably use it!
Cabling
You need to know the different kind of speaker wire available to you before setting up your home theatre. If you bought an HTIB (home theater in a box), it probably came with 100ft of horribly cheap speaker wire. You don't want that! Do yourself a favor: buy some high-quality, 14-guage speaker wire. Anything higher than 14-guage is just to thin and will be susceptible to interence, quality loss, and poor quality over longer distances. Fourteen guage is a good thickness and suitable for most home theatres. Make sure its also not too thick - some speaker wire simply will not fit in to the speaker wire jacks on some receivers.
Some receivers use proprietary speaker inputs. Sony is one example. Many Sony receivers have special connectors for speaker wire and will not accept a standard speaker wire. You'll need to use either the Sony-provided speaker wire, take the ends off of Sony speaker wire and put it on your own, or buy some of these special connectors from Sony directly to place on your speaker wire. My recommendation? Avoid any receivers with non-standard speaker wire posts/jacks/connectors. Look for bind posts or other jacks that allow you to slide in and clamp down on a typical speaker wire.
Once you've got your speaker wire sorted out, you'll have to do some cutting and stripping if you opted to purchase your own. This is way easier than it sounds, so don't worry!
Measure out each length one at a time, cutting the speaker wire with either really great scissors or a sharp blade. Now you need to strip the ends of the wire. Use either a stripping tool or plain old scissors. You can place the scissors on the cable and gently apply some pressure as you twist the scissors around the cable, carefully slicing into the plastic coating. Eventually, it'll get weak enough that you can just slide it off by tugging on it with your fingers. You need at least 1/4" of exposed wire.
Now you can connect your speakers. Note on your speaker wire the difference between the two ends. You'll need to use one as your positive and one as your negative. Sometimes the coating is a different color between the two or there is text on one and not on the other. Keep track of this - whichever side you use for positive on your speaker, use it for positive on your receiver. Crossing the two can cause damage, either immediately or sometime in the future. It might work this way but you don't want it to!
Connecting the speakers is easy enough. Front left to front left on your receiver, center speaker to center on your receiver, etc... Your rear speakers may be referred to as "Surround" or "Rear Surround" instead of just "Rear", but keep in mind, if you have a 7.1 or 8.1 channel receiver, "Surround" may indicate side surround speakers, not rear speakers.
Subwoofers
Your subwoofer is going to be a little more complicated. There are a few different ways to do it and many variations of inputs/ouputs on the back side of subwoofers. I'm going to go with the most standard and efficient method first.
You will need a subwoofer cable for connecting your sub. If you don't have one or don't want to buy one, you can substitute it for a standard red or white RCA cable (or a pair, since they are usually connected; just let the other cable dangle). It will work, but its really not the best way to do it. You'll also need whats called a Y adapter. On the back of your sub, there should be a left/right input (red and white). You plug the Y adapter in to these connections and then your subwoofer cable (or RCA cable) in the other end of the Y (note: if you don't have a Y adapter, just choose the left or right input to plug into).
Now, take the other end of your cable and plug it into your receiver's
subwoofer preout. Hopefully you have a powered sub, meaning it gets plugged into an AC power outlet. All you need to do now is plug that in and your subwoofer is good to.
If you don't have RCA jacks on your subwoofer, or it only has speaker wire jacks (and its most likely not powered), you'll need to connect it the old fashioned way. Your front left and right speakers will plug into your subwoofer's ouput jacks instead of your receiver. You'll then run speaker wire from the left and right inputs on the subwoofer to your left and right speaker outputs on your receiver. This way, the subwoofer is powered by the receiver and will not work as well as a powered sub. You also take some power away from your front speakers with this method. A good idea is to buy a new, powered subwoofer with line in RCA jacks.
Connecting the Dots
You've got the hard stuff out of the way. Now finish it up by connecting your TV, DVD, and cable/satellite box. Always try using the best options first. If your DVD
has HDMI and so does your receiver, use it. If your DVD only has composite, s-video, and component, use component video cable. When it comes to audio, you absolutely need
to use digital coaxial (jacks are usually orange) or fiber optic (usually the jack is recessed into the unit and has a door on it; when the door is open, a red light is visible). If you do not use either of these two, you won't get true surround sound! When all else fails, resort to composite (red and white) audio connectors.
Note: Look closely at the connections on your receiver. Everything is labeled, like the first set of red, green, and blue component video inputs might be labeled "Comp 1". If you're using composite audio cablesfor your sound, you'll need to plug them into the jacks that coordinate with "Comp 1". This might not be clear by looking at the receiver, so refer to your receiver's manual to figure out which video inputs use which audio inputs. Most often, you'll be able to configure them from the receiver's internal menu using the remote control.
On some receivers, all the component video inputs, for example, are linked to a single composite audio input (usually "DVD"), so if you connect more than one of the component inputs, you will be competing for sound when more than one device is active. This is why you'd want to configure the component inputs to use different audio inputs.
Your manual is the only way to figure out how to go about it. Composite video will usually match up to composite audio inputs with naming conventions like Video 1 -> Video 1, Video 2 -> Video 2, etc., but cables like component and DVI may not. You should also configure digital audio inputs to match up with the video inputs you're planning on using. For example, if you're using a digital coaxial input (possibly "Digital 1"), and you use component video, you'll want to match "Digital 1" with "Comp 1". Again, refer to your users manual for how to do this.
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